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Hörselnedsättning hos barn

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Sakkunnig:
Definition:
Medfödd eller förvärvad hörselnedsättning hos barn. Otit är den vanligaste orsaken till förvärvad hörselnedsättning.
Förekomst:
Incidensen av medfödd hörselnedsättning är 2–3 per 1 000 levande födda.
Symtom:
Små barn med hörselnedsättning kan reagera dåligt på ljud/tal, ge dålig kontakt och ha försenad språkutveckling.
Kliniska fynd:
Dålig reaktion på ljudstimuli. Otoskopi och tympanometri kan visa förändringar i mellanörat, till exempel sekretorisk mellanöroninflammation.
Diagnostik:
Audiometri och eventuellt andra former av hörselundersökningar beroende på misstänkt tillstånd.
Behandling:
Vid medfödd dövhet och allvarlig hörselnedsättning bör habilitering inledas senast vid sex månaders ålder. Sjukdom i mellanörat behandlas i enlighet med den specifika diagnosen.
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  • Mikael Karlberg, docent och överläkare, ÖNH-kliniken, Skånes universitetssjukhus samt ÖNH-mottagningen, Trelleborgs lasarett
  • Anna Nager, med dr och specialist i allmänmedicin, Karolinska institutet