Akut disseminerad encefalomyelit (ADEM)
Senast reviderad:
Sakkunnig:Veronica Pahlberg
Definition:
Inflammatorisk, demyeliniserande sjukdom i CNS som vanligen föregås av en virusinfektion eller vaccination.
Förekomst:
Ovanlig sjukdom som främst förekommer hos barn. Den årliga incidensen uppskattas till 0,2–0,4/100 000 invånare.
Symtom:
Symtom på ADEM kan vara feber, huvudvärk, förvirring, kramper och neurologiska bortfall. Oftast har sjukdomen föregåtts av en infektion.
Kliniska fynd:
Multifokala neurologiska bortfall, synstörningar vid optikusneurit.
Diagnostik:
Diagnosen baseras främst på kliniska fynd och MRT.
Behandling:
Kortikosteroider är förstahandsbehandling. Vid otillräcklig effekt immunglobuliner eller plasmaferes.
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- Veronica Pahlberg, specialist i allmänmedicin, medicinsk redaktör Medibas