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Gingivit och parodontit

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Definition:
Vanligtvis refererar parodontal sjukdom till inflammation i tandköttet (gingivit) och tandlossning (parodontit).
Förekomst:
Såväl gingivit som en viss grad av parodontit uppskattas förekomma hos majoriteten av vuxna.
Anamnes:
Vid gingivit är de första och dominerande symtomen ofta dålig andedräkt och tandkött som lätt blöder när man borstar tänderna och använder tandtråd. Kronisk parodontit har sällan andra symtom, men tänderna kan bli mobila och abscesser kan uppstå.
Kliniska fynd:
Vid gingivit blir tandköttet svullet, glansigt, mörkrött och lättblödande. Tandsten kan observeras. Vid parodontit är tänderna ofta ömma vid perkussion och visar ökad mobilitet.
Diagnos:
Diagnosen gingivit baseras på anamnes och kliniska fynd. Parodontit kan bekräftas med röntgen. 
Behandling:
Behandling och förebyggande åtgärder omfattar främst god egenvård, det vill säga god munhygien med hjälp av tandtråd, tandstickor och mellanrumsborstar. Eventuellt mekanisk rengöring. Mer avancerad behandling kan behövas vid parodontit.
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  • Remy Waardenburg, specialist i allmänmedicin, medicinsk redaktör Medibas

Tidigare sakkunniga

  • Ylva-Britt Wahlin Universitetslektor odontologi, Umeå universitet