Gå direkt till huvudinnehållet

Akut bronkit

Senast uppdaterad: Senast reviderad:
Sakkunnig:
Definition:
Akut bronkit är en nedre luftvägsinfektion med inflammation i slemhinnan i bronkerna, utan tecken på lunginflammation.
Förekomst:
Incidensen har i en studie räknats till 4 % bland vuxna över 16 år. 
Symtom:
Torrhosta, slemhosta, feberkänsla. Varar i cirka 1–4 veckor.
Kliniska fynd:
Vid auskultation kan man höra pipljud eller inspiratoriska knasterljud, men ofta är auskultationen normal.
Diagnostik:
Tilläggsundersökningar behövs vanligtvis inte, eventuellt kan CRP bli aktuellt för differentialdiagnostiken.
Behandling:
Akut bronkit är i de flesta fall ett självbegränsande tillstånd.
  1. Kinkade S, Long NA. Acute bronchitis. Am Fam Physician 2016; 94(7): 560-5. pmid:27929206 PubMed  
  2. Smith SM, Fahey T, Smucny J, et al. Antibiotics for acute bronchitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014 Mar 1;3:CD000245. Cochrane (DOI)  
  3. Gonzales R, Bartlett JG, Besser RE, et al.; American Academy of Family Physicians, American College of Physicians-American Society of Internal Medicine, Centers for Disease Control, Infectious Diseases Society of America. Principles of appropriate antibiotic use for treatment of uncomplicated acute bronchitis: background. Ann Intern Med 2001; 134: 521-9. Annals of Internal Medicine  
  4. Llor, C., & Bjerrum, L. Antibiotic prescribing for acute bronchitis. Expert Review of Anti-Infective Therapy, 2016, 14(7), 633–642. doi:10.1080/14787210.2016.1193435 DOI  
  5. Jary H, Simpson H, Havens D, et al. Household air pollution and acute lower respiratory infections in adults: a systematic review. PLoS One. 2016 Dec 1;11(12):e0167656. Pmid: 27907205 PubMed  
  6. Little P, Rumsby K, Kelly J, et al. Information leaflet and antibiotic prescribing strategies for acute lower respiratory tract infection. A randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2005; 293: 3029-35. Journal of the American Medical Association  
  7. Behandlingsrekommendationer för vanliga infektioner i öppenvård. Smi, Läkemedelsverket, Strama (2019) [url]https://www.folkhalsomyndigheten.se/publicerat-material/publikationsarkiv/b/behandlingsrekommendationer-for-vanliga-infektioner-i-oppenvard/[/url] Hämtad 2019-08-28
  8. Schroeder K, Fahey T.Over‐the‐counter (OTC) medications for acute cough in children and adults in community settings. In: The Cochrane Library, Version published: 24 November 2014 The Cochrane Library  
  9. Becker LA, Hom J, Villasis-Keever M, van der Wouden JC. Beta2-agonists for acute cough or a clinical diagnosis of acute bronchitis. Cochrane Database of Syst Rev 2015, Issue 9. Art. No.: CD001726. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD001726.pub5. DOI  
  10. Little P, Francis NA, Stuart B, et al. Antibiotics for lower respiratory tract infection in children presenting in primary care in England (ARTIC PC): a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2021. pmid:34562391 PubMed
  11. Dicpinigaitis PV, Morice AH, Birring SS, et al. Antitussive drugs--past, present, and future. Pharmacol Rev. 2014;66(2):468-512. Published 2014 Mar 26. PMID:24671376. PubMed  
  12. Andersson M. Brist på dokumentation om hostdämpande till barn. Läkartidningen 30/2008. lakartidningen.se  
  13. Eccles R. What is the Role of Over 100 Excipients in Over the Counter (OTC) Cough Medicines?. Lung. 2020;198(5):727-734. PMID:32889596. PubMed  
  14. Janusinfo (Region Stockholm). Knapphändig evidens för hostmediciner. Publicerat 2019-12-16 (hämtad 2022-04-04). janusinfo.se  
  15. Morice A, Kardos P. Comprehensive evidence-based review on European antitussives. BMJ Open Respir Res. 2016;3(1):e000137. Published 2016 Aug 5. PMID:27547407. PubMed  
  16. Smith SM, Schroeder K, Fahey T. Over-the-counter (OTC) medications for acute cough in children and adults in community settings. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2014, Issue 11. Art. No.: CD001831. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD001831.pub5. DOI  
  17. Bolser DC. Cough Suppressant and Pharmacologic Protussive Therapy: ACCP Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines. Chest 2006; 129: 238S-249S. DOI: 10.1378/chest.129.1_suppl.238S
  18. Jonasson B, Jonasson U, Holmgren P, Saldeen T. Fatal poisonings where ethylmorphine from antitussive medications contributed to death. Int J Legal Med. 1999;112(5):299-302. PMID:10460420. PubMed  
  19. Abo Dena AS, Ali AM, El-Sherbiny IM. Carbetapentane citrate. Profiles Drug Subst Excip Relat Methodol. 2020;45:41-53. PMID:32164969. PubMed  
  20. Hay AD, Paul Little P, Harnden A et al. Effect of Oral Prednisolone on Symptom Duration and Severity in Nonasthmatic Adults With Acute Lower Respiratory Tract Infection A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2017;318(8):721-730. PMID: 28829884. PubMed  
  21. Oduwole O, Udoh EE, Oyo-Ita A, et al. Honey for acute cough in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 Dec 23;12:CD007094. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD007094.pub5. DOI  
  22. Little P, Stuart B, Smith S, et al. Antibiotic prescription strategies and adverse outcome for uncomplicated lower respiratory tract infections: prospective cough complication cohort (3C) study. BMJ. 2017 May 22;357:j2148. PMID: 28533265. PubMed  
  23. Wark P. Acute bronchitis. Clin Evid 2003; 10: 1716-23. PubMed  
  24. Butler CC; Hood K, Verheij T, Little P, Melbye H, et al. Variation in antibiotica prescribing and its impact on recovery in patients with acute cough in primary care: prospective study in 13 countries. BMJ 2009; 338: b2242. BMJ (DOI)  
  25. Macfarlane J, Holmes W, Gard P, et al. Reducing antibiotic use for acute bronchitis in primary care: blinded, randomised controlled trial of patient information leaflet. BMJ 2002; 324: 1-6. PubMed  
  26. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Respiratory tract infections (self-limiting): prescribing antibiotics. Clinical guideline [CG69] Published date: July 2008. Hämtad 2019-08-26 www.nice.org.uk  
  27. Macfarlane J, Holmes W, Gard P, et al. Prospective study of the incidence, aetiology and outcome of adult lower respiratory tract illness in the community. Thorax 2001;56:109-114. PubMed  
  • Athena Adeli, ST-läkare internmedicin, S:t Görans sjukhus

Tidigare sakkunniga

  • Gerdt Riise, docent och överläkare, avdelningen för lungmedicin, Sahlgrenska universitetssjukhuset, Göteborg
  • Peter Jost, spesialist allmennmedisin, redaktør NEL