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Övervikt och fetma

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Sakkunnig:
Definition:
Övervikt definieras som BMI >25, fetma grad I som BMI >30, fetma grad II som BMI >35 och fetma grad III (extrem fetma) som BMI >40.
Förekomst:
Självrapporterad data insamlad under 2014 visar att 14 % av personer >15 år i Sverige har BMI >30, motsvarande definitionen för fetma.
Symtom:
Övervikt samt eventuella tilläggssymtom som sömnsvårigheter, dyspepsi och minskad livskvalitet.
Kliniska fynd:
Övervikt samt eventuella riskfaktorer för hjärt-kärlsjukdom som hypertoni, hyperlipidemi och diabetes typ 2.
Diagnostik:
TSH samt njur- och leverfunktionsprover. Blodfetter och HbA1c för bedömning av risk för hjärt-kärlsjukdom. 
Behandling:
Koständring ökad fysisk aktivitet och i undantagsfall läkemedelsbehandling. Kirurgi kan vara aktuellt vid fetma av grad III, eller vid grad II om tilläggssymtom finns.
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  • Anna Nager, med dr och specialist i allmänmedicin, Karolinska institutet