Kardiovaskulär bedömning av idrottare
Senast reviderad:
Sakkunnig:Veronica Pahlberg
Definition:
Kardiovaskulär bedömning av idrottare görs för att förhindra kardiovaskulära händelser utlösta av fysisk aktivitet, främst plötslig hjärtdöd (sudden cardiac death, SCD) hos yngre individer.
Förekomst:
SCD 1:50 000 invånare bland yngre (under 35 år). Risken ökar med stigande ålder och är högre hos män.
Symtom:
Ansträngningsrelaterade symtom som bröstsmärta, hjärtklappningsepisoder, yrsel, svimning, och onormalt ökad dyspné, bör föranleda kardiell utredning.
Kliniska fynd:
Många av de yngre har en ärftlig eller medfödd kardiovaskulär anomali eller sjukdom men den kan vara oupptäckt. Bland de över 35 år är kranskärlssjukdom den vanligaste orsaken till SCD.
Diagnostik:
I första hand anamnes (inkluderande ärftlighet), klinisk undersökning och vilo-EKG. Vidare utredning vid misstänkta fynd.
Förebyggande åtgärder:
Hjärtkontroll rekommenderas för elitidrottare från 16 års ålder, för de med SCD i släkten samt vid misstänkta symtom. Anpassade råd om fysisk aktivitet kan ges till dem med känd risk.
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- Veronica Pahlberg, specialist i allmänmedicin, medicinsk redaktör Medibas
- Terje Johannessen, professor i allmennmedisin, Trondheim, redaktör NEL