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Förmaksflimmer (FF) och förmaksfladder

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Sakkunnig:
Definition:
Förmaksflimmer (FF) är en supraventrikulär arytmi som kännetecknas av okoordinerad förmaksaktivitet. Vid förmaksfladder finns en elektrisk återkopplingskrets och aktiviteten är jämnare.
Förekomst:
Vanligt tillstånd, särskilt efter 60 års ålder. Viktig riskfaktor för ischemisk stroke.
Symtom:
Palpitationer, dyspné, bröstsmärtor, trötthet och nedsatt kondition kan förekomma. Alla har inte symtom.
Kliniska fynd:
Takykardi som är helt oregelbunden (förmaksflimmer) eller regelbunden (förmaksfladder).
Diagnostik:
Typiska förändringar på EKG (avsaknad av p-vågor, oregelbunden rytm vid FF och regelbunden rytm vid förmaksfladder) bekräftar diagnosen.
Behandling:
Förebyggande av stroke, främst med antikoagulantia (A). Bättre symtomkontroll med frekvens-/rytmreglerande behandling (B). Behandling av komorditet och kardiovaskulära riskfaktorer (C). 
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  • Faris Al-Khalili, med dr och specialist, Stockholm Heart Center