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Osteoporos

Senast uppdaterad: Senast reviderad:
Sakkunnig:
Definition:
En systemisk skelettsjukdom med minskad benmassa och förändringar i benvävnadens mikroarkitektur som medför skört skelett och ökad risk för frakturer.
Förekomst:
Förekomsten av osteoporos är mycket högre hos kvinnor än hos män och ökar kraftigt med åldern. I Sverige inträffar varje år cirka 60 000 lågenergifrakturer, varav 18 000 är höftfrakturer.
Symtom:
Osteoporos ger sällan några symtom innan en fraktur inträffar och den låga bentätheten är viktig att identifiera på grund av att den är en riskfaktor för kommande frakturer.
Kliniska fynd:
En fraktur efter litet våld är det viktigaste tecknet på osteoporos men kliniska fynd kan också vara lågt BMI, längdminskning >3 cm jämfört med maxlängd som ung eller uttalad thorakal kyfos som tecken på tidigare kotfrakturer.
Diagnostik:
Beslut om benspecifik läkemedelsbehandling grundas på en samlad klinisk bedömning. Särskilt stark behandlingsindikation föreligger vid fraktur i kota eller höft.
Behandling:
Benspecifika läkemedel, men också livsstilsförändringar såsom ökad fysisk aktivitet, träning av styrka och balans samt rökstopp.
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  • Hans Lundin, med dr, specialist i allmänmedicin vid sektionen för Allmänmedicin, Karolinska institutet