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Autism (autismspektrumtillstånd)

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Sakkunnig:
Definition:
Autism karakteriseras av allvarliga och varaktiga bristande förmågor inom social ömsesidighet, icke-verbal kommunikation och att förstå, utveckla och bevara relationer. Ofta ingår begränsat, stereotypt och repetitivt beteende, fobier, sömn- och ätstörningar, raserianfall och självdestruktivt beteende.
Förekomst:
Prevalens av autismspektrumtillstånd är minst 1 %.
Symtom:
Symtom visar sig på olika sätt beroende på ålder, grad av autism och intellektuell funktionsnedsättning
Kliniska fynd:
Hos vissa ses tecken på autismspektrumtillstånd vid BVC-kontrollerna. Ofta ses avvikelser i kommunikation och socialt samspel vid samtal med patienten.
Diagnostik:
För att ställa diagnosen bedöms aktuella symtom, utveckling, kognitiv funktion, psykiatrisk differentialdiagnostik/samsjuklighet och somatiska differentialdiagnoser/bakomliggande tillstånd.
Behandling:
Många olika insatser och behandlingar används. 
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  • Maria Unenge Hallerbäck, med dr, klinisk lektor i psykiatri, Örebro universitet och överläkare, barn- och ungdomspsykiatrin, Region Värmland
  • Anna Nager, docent och specialist i allmänmedicin, Karolinska institutet