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Allergisk rinit, allergisk rinokonjunktivit

Senast reviderad:
Definition:
Atopisk övre luftvägsinflammation orsakad av specifika allergener.
Förekomst:
Allergisk rinit, med eller utan konjunktivit, drabbar cirka 20 % av den allmänna befolkningen.
Symtom:
Klåda i näsan och ofta i ögon, nästäppa, rinnsnuva, nysningar.
Kliniska fynd:
Vanligen bilateral konjunktivit.
Diagnostik:
Anamnesen är ofta typisk för allergisk rinokonjunktivit men kan vid behov kompletteras med pricktest eller specifikt IgE-test.
Behandling:
Undvikande av allergen. Förstahandsval vid läkemedelsbehandling är nasala steroider, med perorala eller nasala antihistaminer som alternativ. Vid otillräcklig effekt av ovanstående kan allergenspecifik immunterapi (AIT) ges som subkutan injektion (björk-, hassel- och alpollenantigen, gräspollen, katthår, hundhår, hästepitel och husdammskvalster) eller som daglig tablett (gräspollen, björkhomologa trädpollen och husdammskvalster). AIT ges under 3 års tid.
  • Anna Nager, docent och specialist i allmänmedicin, Karolinska institutet
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